BAGAIMANA KANAK-KANAK BELAJAR MATEMATIK?

Menurut Mohd Daud Hamzah (1996), kanak-kanak mempelajari matematik melalui kegiatan seharian tertentu.

Ada beberapa aktiviti yang membantu kanak-kanak memperolehi konsep-konsep awal matematik iaitu aktiviti padanan (matching), penjenisan (sorting), reguan (pairing) dan susunan aturan (ordering).

Padanan ialah kegiatan memilih sifat tertentu dan membuat perbandingan.

Penjenisan pula adalah kegiatan memilih sifat umum di kalangan bentuk-bentuk.

Reguan merupakan kegiatan menyatakan keselarian objek-objek secara satu lawan satu. Manakala susunan aturan adalah kegiatan meletakkan perkara sepanjang satu barisan.

Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat beberapa teori daripada pakar-pakar pembelajaran bagaimana kanak-kanak mempelajari matematik dan jenis matematik yang boleh dipelajari pada peringkat yang berbeza dalam perkembangan kognitifnya. Antaranya ialah Teori Piaget, Bruner, Gagne dan Dienes.

Bacaan Lanjut di sini

AKTIVITI ANAK SEMASA CUTI SEKOLAH

Cuti sekolah telah masuk dua minggu berlalu. Ibu bapa sepatutnya membantu anak-anak merancang cuti panjang mereka. Perancangan ini akan membantu anak-anak mengurus masa cuti sebaik-baiknya serta berfaedah.

Apa yang boleh mereka lakukan?

1. Belajar masak, menjahit, membuat kraftangan dan seumpamanya (bagi anak perempuan)

2. Belajar kemahiran pengkomputeran (multimedia, animasi, bina blog dll)

3. Bercuti bersama kawan-kawan (dalam pengetahuan ibu bapa) atau keluarga

4. Menghadiri perkhemahan (motivasi, ibadah, mempelajari quran, tahfiz dll)

5. Mula belajar beberapa mata pelajaran untuk tahun depan

6. Menghadiri kelas bahasa (Bahasa Inggeris, Bahasa Arab dll)

7. Menjadi anak angkat kepada keluarga lain

dan banyak lagi program yang boleh diatur sepanjang cuti persekolahan ini.

Semoga kita dapat membantu anak-anak supaya masa cuti mereka tidak habis begitu sahaja....

Keutamaan korban

Mak ndak : Aisya, mengapa orang kena sembelih lembu?

Aisya : Sebab Allah suruh

Mak ndak : oo macam tu ke..

Aisya : Nanti di akhirat lembu tu akan hidup balik....

Tajuk : Keutamaan korban Hadith : Maksud Hadith; “Dari Aisyah r.a. katanya; Rasulullah s.a.w. bersabda: “Tiada amalan anak Adam pada hari Aidil Adha yang disukai Allah selain daripada menyembelih korban. Korban-korban itu akan datang kepada orang yang melakukannya pada hari kiamat seperti keadaan semula, iaitu dengan anggotanya, tulangnya, tanduknya dan bulunya. Darah korban itu lebih dahulu jatuh ke suatu tempat yang disediakan Tuhan sebelum jatuh ke atas tanah. Oleh sebab itu, berkorbanlah dengan senang hati”. (at-Tirmidzi dan Ibnu Majah) Huraian 1. Korban adalah salah satu ibadat yang paling disukai Allah S.W.T. yang dilakukan oleh hambanya semata-mata kerana Allah, dan mengharapkan keredhaanNya. 2. Binatang-binatang korban akan datang pada hari kiamat nanti kepada orang yang melakukannya dengan keadaan seperti asalnya. 3. Darah korban itu terlebih dahulu jatuh ketempat yang disediakan oleh Allah S.W.T. sebelum ianya jatuh ke tanah. Darah yang menitis jatuh menjadi keampunan bagi dosa yang telah lalu. 4. Islam menggalakkan umatnya agar berkorban dengan binatang yang disayangi dengan niat ikhlas semata-mata kerana Allah S.W.T.

Sumber : Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia

Kepentingan menjelaskan erti sebenar sesuatu ibadah kepada anak-anak. Mereka akan ingat dan menyampaikan kepada orang lain

Kecerdasan Pelbagai

Ibu bapa dan guru-guru perlu mempunyai sedikit pengetahuan tentang Teori Kecerdasan Pelbagai (Multiple Intelligences) supaya mereka lebih memahami kebolehan dan potensi mana yang dapat dikembangkan dalam diri anak-anak mereka atau murid-murid mereka.

Juga sebagai panduan merancang pendekatan aktiviti atau pengajaran yang paling sesuai dan berkesan kepada anak-anak, dalam masa yang sama anak-anak juga seronok belajar dengan kaedah yang kita jalankan.

Howard Gardner mengenalpasti 8 jenis kecerdasan manusia (Chapman, 1993), iaitu:

Kecerdasan 1: Verbal/Linguistik
Kecerdasan ini berkait rapat dengan kemahiran penggunaan bahasa. Seseorang yang cerdas verbal kebiasaannya mahir membaca, menulis dan berkomunikasi dengan orang lain melalui pelbagai cara yang berkesan.

Kecerdasan 2: Logikal/Matematik
Kecerdasan ini melibatkan kemahiran menaakul, mengira, berfikir secara logic dan memproses sesuatu maklumat yang diterima.

Kecerdasan 3: Visual/Spatial (ruang)
Kecerdasan ini melibatkan keupayaan berfikir dalam bentuk visual dan gambar ataupun rajah.

Kecerdasan 4 : Pergerakan Badan/Kinestetik
Kecerdasan ini melibatkan keupayaan menyelesaikan sesuatu masalah menggunakan pergerakan badan.

Kecerdasan 5: Muzikal/Rima
Kecerdasan ini melibatkan keupayaan mencipta muzik ataupun rentak tertentu, berupaya memahaminya, menterjemahkannya dan menghargainya.

Kecerdasan 6: Interpersonal
Kecerdasan ini melibatkan keupayaan memahami emosi, perasaan, ciri-ciri dan keupayaan orang lain dan bagaimana berinteraksi dengan mereka.

Kecerdasan 7:Intrapersonal
Kecerdasan ini melibatkan keupayaan memahami diri sendiri dan menggunakan pengetahuan itu bagi meningkatkan potensi diri sepanjang hayat.

Kecerdasan 8:Naturalis
Kecerdasan ini melibatkan keupayaan memerhati, memahami dan menghargai alam sekitar.

SMART PARENTING: Empower your child

Let go so your child can walk on his own


2011/06/04 Sunday Times
ZAID MOHAMAD



RECENTLY, I observed a parent-child team who had been given the opportunity to lead an activity. The idea was to let the child conduct the session while the parent stayed in the background to offer guidance and supervision.
I was impressed with the girl’s ability to interact with the crowd and to get people to do what she wanted. Yes, it was not perfect but things were going relatively nicely until about halfway through the session, when her parent became impatient and started to dictate the girl’s every move. Pretty soon, it was the parent who was doing the talking! The girl became quiet and slowly backed off. The next time I glanced up, the girl was already off the stage. This is a classic case of a parent who has failed to let go and empower the child, with negative consequences.


Hijacking children's creativity
How many times have we also done the same, not on a stage but at home? When was the last time we interrupted our kids’ by correcting their every sentence and putting words into their mouths? Some parents even discourage their kids from “time-wasting” activities like playing at make-believe. Creative moments happen when parents fully empower their children to think and act on their own. Yes, they will make mistakes and may not always follow our instructions. However, they also need to be given the opportunity to experiment, pretend or even daydream. These are part of character building and creative thinking. The human brain is divided into two sides: The left for logical thinking, and the right for creative ones. Children must learn as early as possible to use both. Direct instruction or daily schoolwork is about using the left brain. But daydreaming, make-believe and imaginary friends are perfect activities to nourish the right side of the brain.


Too many instructions
When parents cannot stop churning out instruction after instruction, two things can happen. First, children will feel stifled and bored. Second, the parents will feel frustrated that their children are “not listening” to them. In the end, the parents feel they need to take charge and to move the children aside.

Too many instructions can kill creativity. There is little room for children to think on their own and be independent. In the long term, it can even diminish his or her self-confidence. It is bad enough that in schools, children are being “spoon-fed” information. At home, we must at least give them more freedom by reducing rigid instructions and choosing to empower them instead.


Not trusting their abilities
I am sure the little girl would have felt bad about her inability to conduct the session. The parent’s action was akin to dismissing her skills as not being good enough. If this happens once too often, she will eventually believe that she is not capable.


We must avoid this at all costs. A human mind is a terrible thing to waste. By forcibly taking over the situation and the thinking, we are effectively removing their confidence and avenue to train their minds.

On the contrary, parents who choose not to interrupt their kids’ ideas or actions will learn that they are more capable than many would think. They can have solutions to daily problems, offering a new perspective. They can lighten parents’ burdens by proactively helping out around the house when they sense that things are not going smoothly. In short, the house has extra brain power waiting to be tapped!

Just let them do
Many good things happen when we learn to let go and let children do it their way. Let them dream a little, try a little, and learn a lot. We will experience benefits when we don’t orchestrate their every move. More importantly, our children will undergo trial and error which will teach them how to maximise their creative thinking and decision-making skills. Don’t you agree that these are useful skills?

The writer is a certified parental coach and author of two best-selling books, Smart Parents, Brighter Kids and Smart Parents, Richer Kids.
Visit www.SmartParents.com.my or write to zaid@smartparents.com.my.

MATEMATIK? Susah ke?

Semasa saya masih berkhidmat di sekolah sebagai guru Matematik, saya dapati ramai anak-anak kita yang tidak meminati mata pelajaran Matematik dan menganggap Matematik adalah susah.

Bagaimana pulak sebahagian dari anak-anak ini suka dan bagus dalam Matematik? Ibu dan bapa boleh berperanan untuk memupuk minat terhadap Matematik dan menanamkan pemahaman tentang konsep-konsep asas Matematik sejak awal kanak-kanak lagi.

Ibu bapa boleh bermain permainan nombor dgn anak2; contohnya bila naik tangga kita membilang anak tangga sambil memimpinnya; membilang jari-jari, mengajar anak membandingkan benda yang besar dan kecil, barang yang sama dan berbeza, sedikit dan banyak dan seumpamanya.

Apabila anak meningkat umur prasekolah, ibu bapa perlu perkenalkan permainan matematik yang sesuai dengan umur mereka dan seterusnya apabila anak berada di alam persekolahan, mereka akan meminati matematik dan merasakan matematik itu mudah.

Semoga lebih ramai anak-anak melayu yang minat matematik

MENGHAYATI SAINS

Sains adalah satu lagi mata pelajaran di sekolah yang penting untuk anak-anak kita. Pra Sains boleh dipelajari di luar bilik darjah sebelum anak-anak memasuki alam persekolahan.

Walaubagaimanapun sains perlu dilihat sebagai memahami alam dan persekitaran dan bagaimana sesuatu fenomena berlaku dan bagaimana sesuatu peralatan berfungsi yang mana ia boleh meningkatkan lagi keimnanan kita kepada Maha Pencipta jika dihidangkan kepada anak-anak kita dengan kaedah yang sedemikian.

Bagaimana ini dapat dilakukan? Siapa yang akan mengajarnya? Tidak lain dan tak bukan, sebaiknya dari ibu dan (atau) bapa kepada anak-anak ini.

Sebelum boleh membimbing anak-anak, ibu (bapa) perlu belajar srba sedikit ilmu sains asas dan mengadunnya dengan Tauhid kepada Allah dan menggambarkan kebesaran Allah.

Contoh yang dapat saya berikan adalah tentang memperkenalkan pelangi kepada anak-anak.

Semasa anak-anak saya masih kecil, saya memperkenalkannya dengan suatu kaedah saintifik, menjalankan aktiviti untuk memperlihatkan warna-warna pelangi. Dan sekarang, anak-anak saya pula akan menjalankan aktiviti ini kepada cucu-cucu saya.

Beberapa gambar di bawah menceritakan bagaimana ini dilakukan.









Ada banyak lagi aktiviti yang boleh kita jalankan bersama anak-anak untuk memupuk dan menyemaikan minat terhadap sains. Apa yang perlu ibu, bapa dan guru-guru peringkat rendah lakukan ialah banyakkan membaca dan belajar dari mereka yang lebih mengetahui. Insya Allah.

Mudah-mudahan perkongsian ini dapat memberi pencerahan kepada pembaca blog ini.

BELAJAR BERULANG-ULANG

Saya teringat ketika anak-anak kami masih kecil... Ada beberapa CD yang sangat diminati oleh anak-anak kami, antaranya ialah The Land Before Time, Sesame Street, Teletubbies dan lain-lain. Mereka akan menontonnya berkali-kali, berulang-ulang tanpa jemu. Setiap kali menonton, mereka akan mengutip beberapa dialog dan mereka hafal. Sebenarnya inilah salah satu cara mereka belajar. Ibu bapa perlu berperanan ketika itu. Tidak hanya dibiarkan mereka menonton tanpa bimbingan. Contohnya membimbing dan menyatakan tentang nilai-nilai murni yang didapati dalam cerita-cerita tersebut; tidak sombong atau mementingkan diri sendiri, pentingnya hubungan kekeluargaan, hidup bermasyarakat dan lain-lain. Ibu bapa perlu mengolah dalam bahasa yang mudah difahami oleh mereka.

Belajar secara berulang-ulang memang menjadi cara anak-anak belajar; begitu jugalah kaedah yang sepatutnya digunapakai oleh ibu bapa dan guru dalam mendidik anak-anak. Kita tidak perlu jemu terus mengulang-ulangi mengajar mereka. Dalam Islam, kita mengajar anak sembahyang ketika berumur 7 tahun dan memukulnya kalau tidak sembahyang ketika berumur 10 tahun. Jika dihitung berapa kali kita perlu menyuruh secara berulang-ulang (3 tahun x 365 hari x 5 waktu).

Teruskan mendidik anak-anak secara berulang-ulang tanpa jemu

DAYA SAING DAN DAYA JUANG

Mendidik anak dan memupuk sifat-sifat mulia adalah suatu yang wajib bagi ibu dan bapa. Namun demikian, berapa ramai anak-anak kita yang bijak, berakhlak mulia tetapi tidak mempunyai daya saing dan daya juang yang tinggi.

Pernah saya mendapat maklumat seorang pelajar tingkatan 6 (dulunya) yang pintar dan baik, lari dari penginapan di universiti kerana tidak tahan di ragging. Beberapa contoh lain, anak yang tidak sanggup menempuh sedikit kesukaran belajar Matematik Tambahan mohon bertukar aliran, anak yang tewas dengan dugaan dunia menjadi anak yang rosak akhlaq (na'uzubillah).

Pembentukan peribadi, pembinaan daya saing dan daya juang anak-anak ini adalah tanggungjawab ibu dan bapa. Biah (suasana) rumahtangga yang merupakan persekitaran awal bagi anak-anak perlu menjurus ke arah meningkatkan daya juang/saing mereka. Dari kecil lagi, anak-anak boleh dilatih untuk berdaya juang/saing. Melatih mereka untuk menyelesai sesuatu task. Anak kecil yang baru belajar merangkak diminta untuk mengambil bola yang tergolek ke bawah meja tanpa bantuan. Setelah dia berjaya, berikan pujian. Saya suka memberikah tali atau benang yang kusut kepada anak untuk dirongkaikan tujuan melatihnya bersabar, tekun dan membuatnya sampai selesai.

Beberapa masalah harian seboleh mungkin, biarkan mereka selesaikan. Ibu dan bapa hanya memberi panduan.

KONGSI BAHAN BACAAN

Sumber :
http://hubpages.com/hub/20-Tips-for-Encouraging-Your-Childs-Artistic-Expression

One of the worst things that a parent can do is to squelch their child’s creativity. Creativity is how children approach the world in order to learn about it and to learn about themselves. It is how they express the way that they are feeling and how they share themselves with the world around them. Creativity is how kids play and how kids work. And often, parents squelch that creativity without even realizing that they are doing it. Other times, parents just simply fail to nurture the buds of artistic expression that their children start blooming. Whether intentional or accidental, this failure of the parent to encourage a child’s self-expression through art ends up stifling the child, sometimes only a little bit and sometimes in a way that can be crippling for life. As parents, it is crucial to work on doing things that encourage your children to be expressive through creativity. This allows them to learn how to communicate their feelings and to be okay with what those feelings are and it gives them an appropriate outlet for sharing their fears and worries and dreams.

Parents who are interested in doing more to make sure that they are nurturing their children’s artistic expression can follow any of these twenty tips for making that happen:

1. Give your child lots of free time just to play. Many parents feel as though they must structure their child’s time with classes and sports activities. Those things are important but it’s equally important to give your children appropriately supervised but unstructured playtime (alone and with friends) so that they have room to just be creative with their play.

2. Make arts opportunities available to your child. There is definitely a time and place for arts classes. Let your child choose from dance and music and arts classes for afterschool activities and summer school. Don’t insist that your child do any one type of art but make that option available.

3. Praise the process not the product. When you tell a child that a specific piece of art is wonderful, it can create pressure around art. When you celebrate the joy of your child’s fingerpainting and drawing and the process of making art, you encourage your child to love that process no matter what the end result product is. All artists need to learn that!

4. Never force your kids to stick with an art form that they don’t like. Yes, you may see that your child is brilliant in his music classes but if he doesn’t love it and he really wants to take dance then you should let that happen. He may return to music eventually but as long as he’s got an outlet that satisfies him, you’re doing your job as a good parent.

5. Limit the amount of TV time that your child has. Any activities that involve passive activity should be limited. It is through active involvement in creative play that your child will develop artistic expression.

6. Encourage the enjoyment of artsy technology. Let your kids play with the old digital camera, teach them how to do some basic design stuff on the computer and let them know that art and technology can be combined in a fun way.

7. Take your kids to arts events. It doesn’t matter what they are as long as it’s something that you do now and then. Make that a regular part of your life and both of you will find yourselves being more creative!

8. Ask your child questions. Ask her what she thinks about life. When she asks you why the sky is blue, ask her what she thinks first. This gives kids the chance to use their imaginations.

9. Create a space in your home for art. It can be a room or a corner of a room but make it a place that is always meant for play. It’s where you keep crayons and fabrics and things that are great for make-believe. Let your kids help design it and figure out what to include there.

10. Tell stories. Most kids enjoy hearing their parents tell stories. Don’t just read them books but tell stories off of the top of your head so that your kids will learn that they can do this too.

11. Know what’s going on with your kids at school. School can often stifle a child’s creativity. Make sure that you keep an open line of communication with your kids about how they feel in school so that you can tell if this is happening.

12. Give your child choices. This is an important parenting technique anyway and one that ultimately leads to many different benefits for your child. One of those benefits is that the child learns that there are many options in life and that it’s okay to choose one and see what happens. Choices can be as simple as “do you want this or that for dinner” or as detailed as having kids help pick travel destinations or birthday event locations.

13. Encourage your child’s relationships with other artistic kids. Your kids should be friends with who they want but make it easy for them to spend time with other creative families to foster more appreciation of the arts.

14. Pay attention when your children show you their works of art. Sometimes parents dismiss things that they don’t realize are artistic like the mud pie that was made during outdoor play time. Notice your kids’ art everywhere and comment on it appropriately.


15. Make your home a DIY home. Try to do as much creative stuff around the house as you can and your kids will pick that up.

16. Find places where your kids can submit art for prizes. Many grocery stores and local kids’ centers have art contests and talent shows. If this is something that your child is at all interested in, make sure that you’re finding those opportunities for him or her.

17. Host all-ages art parties at your home. Have once-monthly potluck gatherings where your friends bring their kids, their art supplies and some food to share and everyone just gets messy and has a good time. The memories of these events will stick with your kids forever and the fun that you have will be enjoyed by all.


18. Never dismiss art as a career choice. Many parents fear that their kids will grow up to be starving artists. You know what? If they’re drawn to art, they’ll go into an art career whether you like it or not. Instead, encourage that option. Let your kids dream. It’s going to be awhile before they have to figure out what they want to do with their lives anyway.

19. Celebrate life together. Stop to look at the rainbows. Jump in puddles with your kids. Make cakes for every holiday. Celebrate life with creativity and you will be showing your kids how to do the same in their own lives.

20. Let your kids know that they are loved for who they are. Ultimately, art is self-expression. Children who feel safe to express themselves will naturally do so. Your job as a parent is to make sure that you create that safe place.